When names are written in English, the patronymic is not equivalent to an English middle name. Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheski had the victory title 'Tavricheski', as part of his surname, granted to him for the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire. 20. Adjectival names very often end in the suffixes, -ski, -cki and -dzki (feminine -ska, -cka and -dzka), and are considered to be either typically Polish or typical for the Polish nobility. For example Ivan its name. Many of his fellow Bolsheviks chose pseudonyms associated with strength and firmness: Joseph Dzhugashvili becameStalin(fromstal, steel); Lev Rozenfeld became Kamenev (fromkamen, stone); while Vyacheslav Skryabin became Molotov (frommolot, hammer). VICH is a trilateral (EU-Japan-USA) programme aimed at harmonising technical requirements for veterinary product registration. VICH was officially launched in April 1996. This popular, highly flexible slang term isstrongerin register than , but is used in much the same way. In the 1920-30s, as part of a campaign to obliterate the past, many cities in the Soviet Union were renamed and some of the pseudonyms ended on the map of the country: Perm was renamed into Molotov; while Nizhny Novrogod became Gorky (the original names have now been restored). VICH is a trilateral (EU-Japan-USA) programme aimed at harmonising technical requirements for veterinary product registration. If you ever wondered why the majority of Croatian last names end in i, it is because it's a male diminutive suffix. This dependence of grammatical gender of adjectival surname on the gender of its owner is not considered to be changing the surname (compare the equivalent rule in Polish, for example). In the 19th and early 20th centuries, -off was a common transliteration of -ov for Russian family names in foreign languages such as French and German (like for the Smirnoff and the Davidoff brands). Dedicated to Artemis. In this case the word "" (noga) is changed . For example, in 1610, Tsar Vasili IV gave to the Stroganovs, who were merchants, the privilege to use patronyms. I hav Why do some Russian female surnames end with vich instead of ova? The endings of surnames are a key not only to a person's nationality but also to their gender. 9 Russian Slang Words Every Russian Learner Should Know. These examples may contain colloquial words based on your search. to show the links and relations between words in a sentence, Eastern Slavic suffixes are used much more broadly than prepositions. As the Kievan Rus' was evolving and separating into different states, what we now know as Russia was being called Rus' and Russkaya Zemlya (the land of the Rus'). first is like slight smile; second is like - my smile lasted second or so, yhea good; third - my smile lasted few seconds and probably laugh'ed, like this was really funny Vous tes ici : churro cart rental bay area; circuit courts are also known as; what does vich mean in russian . Family names are generally inherited from one's parents. what does vich mean in russian. These examples may contain rude words based on your search. The middle name is patronymic, created by using the child's father's name with the suffix "vich" or "ovich" for boys, and "avna" or "ovna" for girls. It offers you quick access to synonyms, pronunciation and conjugation of a word, By adding words or expressions to the online dictionaries you can position yourself as a language expert, If you don`t know a word meaning you can start a discussion on it, or ask for its Russian English translation. Russian Christmas Religious Observances During much of the 20th century as a Communist, atheist country, Russia was banned from publicly celebrating Christmas. Typical Russian family names end in -ov, -ev, or -in. Bearing no suffix, it is produced suppletively and always has the declension noun ending for both males and females, thus making short forms of certain unisex names indistinguishable: for example, Sasha (Russian: ) is the short name for both the masculine name Aleksandr (Alexander) and the feminine form Aleksandra (Alexandra). Vich in that case is an suffix what means of belonging to somebody name or sertain place, village, town e.c. 14. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Correcteur d'orthographe pour le franais. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. VICH is a trilateral (EU-Japan-USA) programme aimed at harmonising technical requirements for veterinary product registration. Its full title is the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. VICH is a trilateral (EU-Japan-USA) programme aimed at harmonising technical requirements for veterinary product registration. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. [citation needed]. Some adjectives, like / (dorogoy / dorogaya, "dear"), can be used in both formal and informal letters. Smirnov (Russian: ) is derived from an adjectival nickname smirnyj (Russian: ; in archaic form smirnoy, Russian: ), that means "quiet, still, peaceful, gentle". https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-slang-words-4172691 (accessed March 5, 2023). They first settled in France, Germany and Austria, and became accustomed to the French and German style of transliteration. does a tens unit promote healing. Some surnames come from ancestors, other define roots and nationality. Also there are last names like Dub= oak tree , , just by meaning. In Russian communication, a smile is not a signal of politeness. Single mothers may give their children any patronym, and this does not have any legal consequences. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. Bruno Pontecorvo, after he emigrated to the Soviet Union, was known as (Bruno Maximovich Pontekorvo) in the Russian scientific community, as his father's given name was Massimo (corresponding to Russian (Maksim)). - (noga - nozhka) foot. This means son of and daughter of. Stepanov - This surname originates back to the ancient Greek name Stefane, which means "crowned". These so-called White migrs left for Europe, and eventually many moved to the U.S. Being highly synthetic languages, Eastern Slavic treats personal names as grammatical nouns and apply the same rules of inflection and derivation to them as for other nouns. When searching for a word, you get as results translations from the general dictionary, and words and expressions added by users. Why do some Russian female surnames end with vich instead of OVA? For example, the suffix - (-ism) added to the word (capital) turns it into an abstract noun (capitalism) in both . [7] Some adopt non-Slavonic patronymics as well. The middle name is patronymic, created by using the child's father's name with the suffix "vich" or "ovich" for boys, and "avna" or "ovna" for girls. Fitz - (Irish, from Norman French) "son of", from Latin "filius" meaning "son" (mistakenly thought to mean illegitimate son, because of its use for certain illegitimate sons of English kings) [citation needed] i - "and", always in lowercase, used to identify both surnames (e.g. One of the most common is the patronymic. This is similar to the use of "-son" or "-sen" in Germanic languages. "Collins Russian English dictionary 2nd edition published in 2000 HarperCollins Publishers 1997, 2000", Access desktop version Therefore, nowadays, the surname Ivanov is the most common surname in Russia, as well as in many other European countries. As in English, on marriage, women usually adopt the surname of the husband; the opposite, when the husband adopt the maiden surname of his wife, very rarely occurs. 'Marya Ivanovna, may I ask'. Kuznets is Russian for smith and ova is daughter of (-ov + the feminine suffix a) suffix. Cherkasskiy - Derived from the Ukrainian word "cherkas," meaning "Circassian". The times when all that a person needed was a name are long gone. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. It is uncommon to use the surname to address an individual face-to-face. Example: - , . Veterinary International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. In Russia, surnames appeared comparatively recently: in the upper classes, in the 16th century; and among peasants, after serfdom was abolished, in the late 19th century. , " - ", " - ", , "Paul Goldschmidt's Dictionary of Russian Names - Grammar", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs&oldid=1139513234, Mikaaj, Mikoa / Nikolai / Mykola, Mykolai, unclear, possibly "wolf", "short" or "snow leopard", meaning "great/famous lord" ( - comes from and is not related to or , see also the name's, Piotr, Piatro, Piatru / Petr, Pyotr / Petro, Alaksandr / Aleksandr / Oleksandr, Oleksa, the analogues are (Yegor), (Yury), equivalent to, Kanstancin, Kastu / Konstantin / Kostiantyn, Nastassia, Nasta / Anastasiya / Anastasiia, From Greek (Angelina) meaning "messenger", in Russian, Oksana is a separate name of the same origin, derivative from the Latinized name of the Sabine king, most common for informal communication, comparable to Western name-only form of address, expresses familiarity, may be considered rude when used between people who are not close friends. Take a look at the name of a famous Russian writer: (Lev Nikolayevhich Tolstoy) - is the first name. Today, Elika is the most popular name among women. Meaning:a rude gesture (a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle finger). What does vich mean? One destiny, two perspectives. At this time, Russia was still a monarchy, and he spelled his surname in the French manner. Maia Nikitina is a writer and Russian language translator. Results: 6460. Other Eastern Slavic languages use the same adjectives of their literal translation if they differ from Russian analogue. Rude or colloquial translations are usually marked in red or orange. This unique Russian surname means orthodox priest, who is the representative of the angel. What does Lo Debar represent in the Bible? Every Russian has three names: a first name, a patronymic, and a surname. Family names are generally used like in English. The exclusion is when a woman has a surname which is grammatically a noun of masculine gender; in such case, the surname is not declined. The most typical Russian surname is considered to be Ivanov, although the most common surname in Russia is in fact Smirnov (from the wordsmirny,meaning meek): Smirnovs make up 1.8 percent of Russia's population, while Ivanovs, only 1.3 percent. She will always be there for you through thick and thin. These new surnames had no female forms and obeyed the rules of the local language. Vladimir Ulyanov, who before the revolution signed some of his works as Lenin (according to one theory, after the Siberian river Lena) remained in history asVladimir Lenin. A user from Cambodia says the name Vich means "Flexible". What does vich mean in Russian? While you've probably already learned the more neutral terms like (human), (girl), (man), and (woman), Russian has so much more to offer when talking about other people. Exact: 6460. Surnames ending in "owicz," "czyk," "ewicz," and "wicz" are all patronymic Polish surnames. Mick popped out another vich; Songs about Vich: Gidheh Vich Nach by Gurbhej Brar feat. VICH is a trilateral (EU-Japan-USA) programme aimed at harmonising technical requirements for veterinary product registration. The middle name is patronymic, created by using the childs fathers name with the suffix vich or ovich for boys, and avna or ovna for girls. . VICH. hornets vs warriors highlights; invertebrates website Once again, big cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg are more accustomed to English speakers. They are not selected or validated by us and can contain inappropriate terms or ideas. But, mainly in south Slavic countries and in the territory of former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, such patronymes started to serve also as family names- Petrovich, Rostropovich, Linkeviius. People commonly use diminutives as nicknames to address one another. If no "short name" exists, then diminutive forms are produced from the full form of the respective first name; for example, Marina (full) Marinochka (affectionate) Marinka (colloquial). Common male names are Alexander (Sasha, Shura, Sanya), Dmitry (Dima), Eugeny (Zhenya), Ivan (Vanya), Mikhail (Misha), Nikolai (Kolya), Sergey (Seryozha), Victor (Vitya) and Vladimir (Volodya, Vova). The middle name is patronymic, created by using the child's father's name with the suffix "vich" or "ovich" for boys, and "avna" or "ovna" for girls. Although this word technically means "to fumble," it's become popular as a slang term for knowing or understanding something. (Ivan Petrov syn) which means "Ivan, son of Peter". [1], Addressing a person by patronymic name only is widespread among older generations (more often "blue collar"-male coworkers) and serves as a display of close relationship based on not only sympathy but also mutual responsibility.[2]. The term is favored by young people and is not commonly heard in professional settings. When you think of someone as reliable and trustworthy as she is gorgeous you think of Vicky. They received new passports with their names written with -off at the end. Other examples are Kazakh (uly; transcribed into Latin script as -uly, as in Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev), Turkmen uly (as in Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow), or Azeri / (oglu) (as in Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev); Kazakh (transcribed into Latin script as -qyzy, as in Dariga Nursultanqyzy Nazarbayeva). Performance & security by Cloudflare. . Eastern Slavic languages are synthetic languages and have grammatical cases and grammatical gender. It was previously used freely, but in the 19th century made it to the list of restricted words. The wordsand areused so frequently that many of the most popular Russian expressions use some variation of them, including: Keep in mind that this word (and the related expressions) is often considered a curse, and should not be used in polite company. Thus, in this way Russian composer Sergei Rachmaninoff, who migrated to the U.S. in 1918, got the spelling of his surname. Itwas even used by Fyodor Dostoevsky to describe the blissful feeling of relaxing in a good company with a nice beverage. For example, calling a boy named Ivan "Ivanko", "Ivo", "Ivica" etc, or Yuri "Yurko", expresses that he is familiar to you. Still, the three most typical Russian family names, often mentioned as a sequence, are: Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov. So, Ivanov would be pronounced with f in the end. When the name is written in English, the patronymic may be omitted with the given name written out in full or abbreviated (Vladimir Putin or V. Putin), both the first name and the patronymic may be written out in full (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin), both the first name and the patronymic may be abbreviated (V. V. Putin) or the first name may be written out in full with the patronymic abbreviated (Vladimir V. Putin). Quality and health Many Russians piously believe that vodka is healthier than other spirits, like whiskey and cognac. The frequency of such russification varies greatly by country. VICH was officially launched in April 1996. strong, hard, heavy, severe (having a high impact or influence, often translated as the adverb very in translating an accompanying noun as an adjective) Minulla on kova jano. In the latter case, one form is usually more informal than the other. As a tribute for developing the salt industry in Siberia, Pyotr Stroganov and all his issues were allowed to have a name with -ovich. According to 2002 census data, 7 million out of 145 million people speak English in Russia, and the majority of those people live in Moscow. Unlike the full name, a diminutive name carries a particular emotional attitude and may be unacceptable in certain contexts. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! [citation needed] Such Turkic patronymics were officially allowed in the Soviet Union. In generations that followed, the original last name was retained as the family name, while the name of a person's father served as a patronymic: e.g. Meaning: to mean, to signify Pronunciation: [ZNAH-cheet'] Part of speech: verb (imperfective aspect) Rank: #196 ( see frequency list) Example sentences: ? The use of middle names or patronymics isn't practiced in the Czech Republic. Her charm can compel anyone. Since 1930s and 1940s, surnames and patronymics were obligatory in Uzbekistan. This website uses cookies. What does vich mean? Another popular. Examples are Aliyev, Huseynov, and Mammadov. In other words, originally Ivan Petrov meant Ivan, son of Pyotr. Find even more Russian to English translations added by our users, in the Russian-English Collaborative Dictionary. This means that they can buy a house, but not the land beneath it. VICH is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms The Free Dictionary So, vodka only causes a slight hangover, said Dmitri from Moscow, who favors vodka over any other strong spirit - as you may have guessed. It is the root of the names Kovaevi, Kovai, Kowalski, Kowalchuk, Kowalczyk, Kovalenko, Kovalyov, and Kovalev. For example, Ivan and Anna Zhuk in dative case ("to whom?") Victorious. The suffix is - (-ovich) for a son, - (-ovna) for a daughter. Several common phrases include this word, including ,meaning God knows/who knows. and , meaning "shoot.". While du hasst, its homophone, means "you hate". Hyphenated surnames like Petrov-Vodkin are possible. ), unlike in many West Slavic languages, where the non-adjectival surname of men corresponds to derivative feminine adjectival surname (Novk Novkov). A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Yet another is . They simply indicate that the person in question is someone's son or daughter. , ? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. -vic (and its orthographic variants, depending on the Slavic language in question, such as -vi, -vi, -vich, -wicz etc.) That includes names, unlike in German. The word fell out of popular usage after the Russian Revolution, only to return in 1957, when a wave of English words like "jeans" and "rock n' roll" penetrated the Soviet borders after the World Youth Festival. In Russia, where patronyms are used, a person may have two, Russia, Serbia (especially in Vojvodina), Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Ukraine (rare), Ukraine (to a lesser extent in Belarus, Russia, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia), Comes from the physically smaller of a noun; possibly coming from the younger son or daughter of a family. VICH was officially launched in April 1996. All mean "descendant of Peter". This generally only occursin formal circumstances (such as in written administrative documents, between teachers and students) or when speaking with people about somebody who is not present in the discussion. This is the same as referring to Robert as "Rob," "Bob" and "Bobby"; or William as "Bill", "Will" and "Willy". Sasha - Russian. Its full title is the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. What is the difference between Vich and Vich in Ukrainian? Where can I watch the entire Dragon Ball series for free. declines in cases and numbers as the corresponding common noun. As Russians are more formal in the initial stages of meeting someone, moving on to this basis too soon can be seen as excessive familiarity or even patronising. For most of the names, it was a. The most typical Russian surname is . What does vich mean in Russian? While in the general dictionary you will find usual words and expressions from the famous publisher Collins, in the Collaborative Dictionary you will discover slang terms, technical translations, familiar words and expressions, regionalisms that are difficult to find in the traditional online dictionaries. Vladimirovich literally means "Vladimir's [son]". Patronymics are derived from the fathers given name and end with -ovich or -evich. [citation needed]. If using any of Russia Beyond's content, partly or in full, always provide an active hyperlink to the original material. They can express both smallness and love. 23. Another is the drink vichy water. But Ivanovich its middle name. Information and translations of VICH, SWITZERLAND in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Its full title is the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products. So altogether, it's Svetlana, daughter of a smith. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Originating in criminal communities[citation needed], such forms came into wide usage in Russia in the 1990s. However, in Russian phonetics hard consonants at the end of the words are softened. While these names usually begin with someone's first name (such as Adamczyk, which means "son of Adam), they can also denote the child of someone of a certain profession (such as Kowalewicz, which . Within a more official context, this form may be combined with the honorific plural to address a younger female colleague. This Russian word is one of the top 1000 words in Russian. She holds a Diploma in Translation (IoLet Level 7) from the Chartered Institute of Linguists. The essential parts of most Russian nouns are the root, the suffix, and the ending. Historically, French transliteration of Russian words was more common in Russia, and noble Russians who traveled abroad or communicated with foreigners in the 19th century adapted their surnames and spelled them with -off. The STANDS4 Network. Literal definition: helloorgreat/excellent. Re: How to Analyse Russian/Polish Surnames. I'm very thirsty. Kozlov - The name for a government official . what does vich mean in russian . dollywood jobs hiring; do cruise ships have police; is peaky blinders overrated; what does vich mean in russian 21.02.2022 Eastern Slavic parents select a given name for a newborn child. The choice of addressing format is closely linked to the choice of second-person pronoun. CVM GFI #75 - VICH GL5 - Stability . Are you looking for the meanings of VICH? Most commonly, Russian philologists distinguish the following forms of given names: The "short name" (Russian: kratkoye imya), historically also "half-name" (Russian: poluimya), is the simplest and most common name derivative. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. A Russian news presenter has given one explanation of the significance of the letter "Z" which has become a prominent propaganda symbol for Vladimir Putin 's invasion of Ukraine. In Russian, some common suffixes are - (-ov), - (-yev), meaning "belonging to" or "of the clan of/descendant of", e.g. An 'a' is added to the end of almost all female surnames. Therefore, all Russian names end with the sound [a]. Ivanov - In Russian, is one of the most common names in Russia. , . The easiest thing was to specify whose son a particular Ivan was: This is how Russian surnames originally came about. For men, Honza has finally been usurped. During the days of the October Revolution, as part of the campaign to rid Russia of bourgeois culture, there was a drive to invent new, revolutionary names. Historical Russian naming conventions did not include surnames. What do Russian surnames mean? In the current decade, Jakub is the most popular male name, followed by Jan, Tom, Adam, and Maty. For example, the wife of (Boris Yel'tsin) was (Naina Yel'tsina); the wife of Leo Tolstoy was Sophia Tolstaya, etc. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/russian-slang-words-4172691. Sometimes last names can even reveal a person's key character traits. Pronunciation: noo tagDA daVAI. Variants of transliteration: Smirnoff, Smirnow or Smyrnov. (2020, August 27). Instead of a secondary "middle" given name, people identify themselves with their given and family name and patronymic, a name based on their father's given name. Depending on the nature of the attitude, diminutive name forms can be subdivided into three broad groups: affectionate, familiar, and slang. This website uses cookies. Ukrainian last names end as yi, a, ko,sko. Unlike analytic languages like English, which use prepositions ("to", "at", "on" etc.) Zelenskiy's Russian is passionate, emotional and vibrant - alive. The -vich (masculine) and -vna (feminine) suffixes are attached to the father's name. Surnames derived from given male names are common. The tsar wrote in the chart dated on 29 May, " to write him with ovich, to try [him] in Moscow only, not to fee [him] by other fees, not to kiss a cross by himself [which means not to swear during any processions]"[3] In the 18th century, it was the family of merchants to have patronyms. What does this word mean? Most Russian surnames change their ending in the feminine: usually the letter "-a" is added at the end (Ivanova, Sorokina), or "-sky" changes into "-skaya" (Moskovskaya). Surnames based on bird names are especially common: Sokolov (fromsokol, falcon), Golubev (fromgolub, pigeon), Vorobyev (fromvorobei, sparrow), Orlov (fromoryol, eagle), Sorokin (fromsoroka, magpie), Zhuravlev (fromzhuravl, crane), Petukhov (frompetukh,cockerel), Drozdov (fromdrozd, thrush). A person's name included that of his father: e.g. They are commonly used in . Analysis of the formation of surnames by the Jewish population of the 19th century Russian Empire. It's important to note ov and ova don't necessarily mean son of and daughter of, rather belongs to. Russian farewells tend to be lengthy because it is considered rude to finish a conversation abruptly. How does the high school graduate experience her anorexia, what does it mean for the mother? 89.215.17.39 -aj (pronounced AY; meaning "of the" ) It denotes the name of the family, which mostly comes from the male founder of the family, but also from a place, as in . Ivan yields Ivanovi, Milos yields Milosevi etc., being respectively the son of Ivan and the son of Milos; The Russian language is filled with amusing (and sometimes confusing) slang terms, some of which have existed for centuries. Summary: cyka blyat ( ) literally means "bitch slut". The lower page includes the lines: ("Family name"), ("Name") and ("Patronymic"). Open Button. Chernenko - This name is derived from the Ukrainian word "chorniy" and the Russian word "cherniy". Ivanov, Ivanenko, Ivanovich: The meaning of Russian surnames, Vladimir, Ivan, Boris and other Russian names that youve pronounced wrongly, Sounds and phrases that reveal youre not a native Russian speaker, 10 Russian words that are most often mispronounced, 10+ English words that Russians mispronounce. This is why foreign female names that come to Russian, get a at the end. Many, if not most, Slavic last names are formed by adding possessive and other suffixes to given names and other words. Defender of mankind. There is no direct ban on foreigners owning residential property anywhere in the country. Diminutive forms are produced from the "short name" by means of various suffixes; for example, Mikhail (full) Misha (short) Mishenka (affectionate) Mishka (colloquial). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Slavic_name_suffixes&oldid=1139238802, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This has been adopted by many non-Slavic peoples of Central Asia and the Caucasus who are or have been under Russian rule, such as the, Example: Petrovi means Petr's son. Petrov = of the clan of/descendant of Petr (Peter), usually used for patronymic surnamesor - (-sky), an adjectival form, meaning "associated with" and usually used for toponymic surnames. The same grammar rule was used in the Old Church Slavonic, the ancestor of the modern Russian language. That is the origin of most Russian -ov surnames. This affected all last names, even those of 19th-and-20th-century Russians. Russian names are structured as [first name] [middle patronymic name] [SURNAME]. For example. The "-wicz" ending in Polish, "-vi" in the South Slavonic tongues and "-" (-vich) in Russian are all patronymic endings indicating someone's filiality (sonness). Meaning: an expression of annoyance or frustration, This word is commonly used to signify annoyance or frustration. Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox. What does vich mean? Click to reveal Meaning: an expression of annoyance and frustration. 10 most well-known Russian words. Merged:FUN WITH POLISH PATRONYMICS (-WICZ, -AK, -UK, -SKI, ETC.) But there are quite a few surnames based on names of animals: both wild (Medvedev (frommedved,bear), Volkov (fromvolk, wolf), Sobolev (fromsobol, sable), Bobrov (frombobr, beaver) and domesticated (Kozlov (fromkozel, goat), Baranov (frombaran,ram), Bykov (frombyk, bull).