Law KENYA CULTURE EVOLUTION State two economic benefits of International relation. The conquest of the Ashanti is perhaps one of the prime examples of how Colonialism undermined African development as has been argued in works like Walter Rodneys How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. December 2021 KENYAN COAST Explain four effects of scientific inventions on medicine. By 1887, Samori could field 30,000 to 35,000 infantry and about 3,000 cavalry. NATIONAL FLAG . The Ethiopian victory on March 1, 1896, checked Italys attempt to build an empire in Africa. Why Black Soldiers Fought For The Union During Americas Civil War, The Goals Of Cleopatra Egypts Last Pharaoh, Popular African Leaders Who Fought For Independence. The main Norwegian and Dutch organizations, on the other hand, were closely linked with the royal governments-in-exile. This essay presents three ways of recognizing and analyzing such acts of resistance. 2010 Kenya Pre Independence Mandinka and ndebele resistance -Samouri toureGet more at http://www.tutorialshero.com/tutorials/history/history-3/the-mandinka-resistance-samori-tourehttp:/. 2016 During colonialism in Africa, Africans reacted differently to European colonizers. Odette spent nearly three years in French internment camps, Odile was nearly killed during the liberation of Paris and Michele was sent to Germany on the last . National Referendum History Articles. October 2020 April 2020 Tour became a well-known leader, training and commanding a growing and disciplined army. The stories of Lucie Aubrac, a teacher who broke her husband Raymond out of a lorry transporting him to a Gestapo jail, Marie-Madeleine Fourcade . He became a great general with the Cisse army before fleeing with his mother to join the Berete, the enemies of the Cisse. Required fields are marked *. Get in touch by sending us an email from the contact page or give us a call. The Battle of Adwa was therefore not just a temporary setback to the Italian conquest of Ethiopia but it resulted in Italys withdrawal from Ethiopia, and the establishment of Ethiopian Independence. ZANZIBAR To protect their land and national heritage. The Italians began invading from the North and, Menelik II began a counteroffensive from the Southern Provinces gathering Troops in every Province as he proceeded North to enage the Italians. Kikuyu The British continued to make their way to Bulawayo, however, they were initially thwarted by a frontal attack by a better organized and decisive Matabele force at Bembesi on 1 November. So he made final attempt at the battle of Ulundi, where King Cetshwayo was hunted down and captured and his possession were seized, he was sent to exile in Cape Town and later London. PORTUGESE COLONIES Give two inventions that led Agrarian Revolution in Britain. TUAREGS Name two regions involved in the Trans-Saharan Trade, Identify the method used to plant Cereal crops in Europe before the Agrarian revolution, Identify two forms of government which existed in Africa during the Per-colonial period, 2008-2023 by KenyaPlex.com. STONE AGE PERIOD By 1878 his empire was now very big and formidable, with admirable transparency. The Hehe rebellion is seen by Historians as the precursor of the infamous Maji Maji Rebellion. In the end, under pressure from Colonial Government Officers in Italy, Baraitieri initiated the attack with an advance towards Meneliks camp. The Shona word Chimurenga means Revolutionary Struggle, and from 1896-97, the Shona and Matebele people mounted a resistance to British Imperialism caused by the need to recover land and cattle lost through conquest and Concessions, the introduction of the Colonial Economy and accompanying wage labour system which all disrupted the structure of Shona and Matebele Societies by negatively impacting on the status and welfare of the Shona and Matebele people. The Mandinka Empire and the great leadership of Samori deserve unparalleled recognition and mention. Highlight one way in which economic rivalries between the European powers contributed tothe outbreak of the First World War. FIRST AFRICAN APPOINTMENTS November 2020 December 2020 National-philosophies-kenya He expanded his conquests, building a united empire called Mandinka. The origins of the Mandinka ethnicity in The Gambia can be traced back to Manding (Kangaba), which was one of the kingdoms of the ancient Mali Empire. Next:The establishment of Kibabii University has transformed the lives of the surrounding community. Federal Government Iod-in-kenya On August 17, 1891 Julius von Soden, the then governor of German East Africa authorized an attack by the Germans to Wahehe. His attempts to impose Islam on all his people resulted in a revolt in 1888 . Name one African Community that took part in the Maji Maji uprising between 1905 and1907. PAPER 2 This time, however, famine and desertion weakened his forces and the French seized Tour on September 29, 1898, in his camp at Gulmou in present-day Ivory Coast. CITIZENSHIP Continentally relevant events and the best of Africa for Africans. Intro. 2011 In 1889 Menelik II concluded the Treaty of Wuchale with Italy in terms of which in exchange for money, 30 000 Muskets and 28 Cannons, Menelik granted the area now forming modern day Eritrea to the Italians. Within most Mandinka kingdoms, the leader of an important family could become the king (mansa). In search of markets for the excess produced by the Industrial Revolution, the British were able to gain a foothold through the pre-exisiting rivalries and divisions amongst African Kingdoms. Tours empire reached its apogee between 1883 and 1887, a period in which he took the title of Almami, meaning the religious head of a Muslim empire. November 2018, All AFRICAN COLLABORATION The word Chimurenga has since been used to describe monumental shifts in Zimbabwe like the fast-track land reform program under Robert Mugabe in the 2000s dubbed the 3rd Chimurenga. KENYAPITHECUS Nairobi The French persisted with their incursion into the Mandinka Empire planting themselves at the centre of the Mandinka Empire after siezing the City of Kankan, and despite a series of evasive manouvres by Samori Toure, the French finally succeeded in capturing his Capital at Bissandungu in 1892. May 2020 The Matabele forces was large, 80 000 spearmen and 20 000 riflemen, against fewer than 700 soldiers of the British South Africa Police, but in the end the Ndebele warriors were no match against the British Maxim guns. The Ababukusu are Abaluyha sub-community occupying Bungoma county. mandinka resistance against the french. . KENYA (1919 - 1963) When Arthur Champion held a public meeting where Mekattlili was present and tabled his demands, Mekatilili was very agitated as this meant to erode Giriamas culture. The Nandi were the fiercest people when it comes to resisting the British influence in Kenya. EUROPEAN INVASION OF AFRICA AND THE PROCESS OF COLONIZATION Primary and High School Exams in Kenya With Marking Schemes. Samori Toure responded intelligently to the French threat by equipping his Army with modern British weapons and expanding into modern day Liberia in order to evade the French. The ensuing battle and eventual loss of 34 white soldiers became known simply as the Shangani Patrol. Apart from an empire, name one other type of government that existed in Africa during the He organized one of the longest and lasting resistance against the French in Africa. Yves Person on WebMande.net who wrote a book on Samori Tour, BlackHistoryPages, and this article published by the New York Times in 1898 about the Capture of Samori Toure by the French. pre-colonial period. LUHYA In the 1850s, he enrolled in the military forces at Madina (present-day Mali) to liberate his mother, who was a member of the Malink ethnic group, captured during a raid. The establishment of Kibabii University has transformed the lives of the surrounding community. PARTITION OF EAST AFRICA PAPER 1 Unbeknownst to Menelik, Clause 17 of the Italian version of the Treaty subordinated Ethiopias Diplomatic and Foreign Policy to Italy. BARTER TRADE mandinka resistance against the french. Public Finance Date posted: September 25, 2017 . Despite the fierce revolt, the British subdued the Ashanti and sent the leaders into exile in the Seychelles. Reasons for the resistance against the British by the Luo of Ugenya. July 2020 The rebellion took place in 1891 during the reign of Chief Mkwawa. These incursions into Tour's empire led to exodus of the entire nation eastward. In 1848 Samoris mother was captured by the Cisse army. Samori Toure is among the African leaders who responded by resisting the French colonialism in Mandinka Empire. Form 3 Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19thcentury. The following 5 Anti-Colonial Resistance Movements occurred in Africa in response to the attempts by European Powers to conquer several powerful African States that already dominated different parts of the African Continent before the arrival of Colonialism in Africa. The Company used a combination of deceit and violence to gain control of Zimbabwe and to take away the best land from the Shona and Ndebele peoples. So in other words, whether Africans collaborated or resisted they all lost their independence. King Cetshwayo refused Freres demands for federation, or to disband his Zulu army, as it would mean losing power. Without firing a gun or shedding any blood, Odile de Vasselot, Odette Niles and Michele Agniel were among the thousands of women who took part in the resistance against the Nazi German occupation of France during World War II. Prior to the arrival of the British on the Gold Coast, the Ashanti Empire was already an established power on the African Continent. On the other hand, Mandika resistance was a type of African resistance against the establishment of French rule in Guinea. Why Samori was finally defeated by French; 25. Loss of independence 2. (3 marks) (b) Discuss six advantages of the Federal Government of the United States of America. Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century. 20072023 Blackpast.org. Although he eventually lost and was deported, he is that one African leader who gave the French a very hard time and I revel in sharing the history of Samori with Africa. State the main factor that led to the growth of ancient town of Kilwa. This story is on South African History Online, The First Chimurenga took place from 1896-1897, first in Matabeleland and then in Mashonaland. European Invasion Of Africa Panicked and disoriented the Italins began a hasty retreat towards Eritrea. Next:State one theory of origin about the knowledge of iron working in AfricaPrevious:Identify one disadvantage of using anthropology as a source of information in History and The Nandi, therefore, did not allow any strangers across their country. Tour was exiled to Ndjol, Gabon, where he died of pneumonia on June 2, 1900. They thus started war on him. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. The Ndebele were particularly motivated to recover lands, cattle and wives that had been lost to British encroachment. February 2023 2019 WhatsApp_Group_3 UNIONS Kenya Pre-Independence By 1908, they were completely defeated and bowed to British terms. Are you impressed, have any concerns, or think we can improve this article? Eventually, the French military was able to force the. The First Anglo-Ashanti Resistance War was fought in 1823 when the British intervened in a territorial dispute between the Ashanti and Fante. Samori was a victim of African disunity at a time when European encroachment was rife and colonisation was taking place. SECTION B Kenya (1919 1963) (Solved) State the main incident that made Japan to surrender unconditionally to be allied powers in 1945. LONDON (Detroit: Thomson/Gale, 2008). In Belgium a strong communist-dominated resistance movement coexisted with a resistance group constituted by former army officers. Your email address will not be published. Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis in rural areas) who conducted guerrilla warfare and published underground . KENYA POST INDEPENDENCE Outline (4) FOUR business opportunities which the community is benefiting from that University. In December 1891, French forces overran the major cities of the Mandinka empire, leaving death and desolation in their wake. In addition to facing technologically advanced French artillery and tactics, Samori was also faced with African disunity when his efforts to form alliances with other African Kingdoms like the Asante failed. BIBLE NATIONAL UNITY He was unable to control the gold mines which had previously contributed to the wealth of the empire. 1961 THE MANDIKA RESISTANCE. 2008-2023 by KenyaPlex.com. SECTION C The Hehe spared no one in their surroundings including Germans and their supporting local tribes. Log in or create an account to add articles to your saved articles list. Nevertheless, despite the conquest of a significant portion of Africa in the 19th Century, by this time Africas contributions to world civilization were already significant going back to at least 8 000 BC in the Nile Valley Civilization Culture which had given birth to Nubian Pre-Dynastic Egypt, Dynastic Egypt followed by the era of the African Empires that existed in the era immediately before European Imperialism led to the Colonisation of Africa in the 19th Century. The act was viewed as provocative and sacrilegious by the Ashanti, and a fierce rebellion in which the casualty count was higher than in the previous 4 wars occurred. 71.4k members in the Africa community. The Zulu had now thousands of old-fashioned muskets and a few modern rifles at their disposal. Paris. Government 1. In some cases, such as Ethiopia the Africans were able to resist permanently, in some cases such as the Zulu, victory was only temporary and in the majority of the cases such as the Ashanti and in Zimbabwe, the result was complete defeat. KENYA POLICE Samori Toure defended his Mandinka Empire sometimes referred to as Wassoulou Empire from the French occupation and expansion in Africa from 1883- 1898 before its collapses and annexation into the French empire. The cause of the Anglo-Ashanti Wars can be found in the abolition of Slavery. The backdrop to the fall of the Ashanti Empire is the shift from the Slave Trade to the trade in European Industrial Consumer commodities. After 1890, French troops swept the empire, conquering Segu, Macina, and Timbuktu in turn. He grew up as West Africa was being transformed through growing contacts and trade with the Europeans in commodities, artisan goods and products. Pre-History 1882-1898 (Samori Toure's resistance against French) Introduction: Samori was born between 1830 and 1835 at sanakoro present day guinea. 2015 Lyttleton Consitution Structure And Functions Of The Government Of Kenya 2006 RONALD NGALA Their acts -- which included ferrying messages across enemy lines, smuggling packages and helping Resistance fighters and Allied airmen escape -- carried the risk of . Overnment His army was divided into the infantry wing under the sofa and a strong cavalry force. (1919 1963) Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya, Before Independence In Kenya (1800 1963), Definition Of History And Government Terms, Development Of Transport And Communication, Economic And Political Developments And Challenges In Africa Since Independence, Economic And Political Developments And Challenges In Kenya Since Independence, Economic And Political Organization Of African Societies In The 19th Century, European Invasion Of Africa And The Process Of Colonization, EUROPEAN INVASION OF AFRICA AND THE PROCESS OF COLONIZATION, Government Revenue And Expenditure In Kenya, Political Developments And Smuggle For Independence In Kenya (1919-1963), Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1919 1963), Structure And Functions Of The Government Of Kenya, Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1800 1963), Free Public Domain Illustrations by rawpixel. Answers (1). First, many Africans refused increased colonial labor demands. What followed was historical defeat of the Germans by the Wahehe as reported by A Modern History of Tanganyika by Holger Doebold and Lt. Tettenborns official report. Orkoiyot In 1893, Samori moved his capital east from Bisandugu to Dabakala. Samori converted to Islam in early life and much of his political career was based on the Islam ideals. African States. Do you find this information helpful? Mandinka Empire was well organized along with its army Samori was the main leader in the resistance against the French colonization Brought unity and created a massive and effective army Samori signed a treaty with Britain Was forced into signing treaties to give away land However, Zulu warriors were not properly trained to use them. The project seeks to connect 1.3 million people in. In another blow, the British had stopped selling breech loaders to Ture in accordance with the Brussels Convention of 1890. Various cultures and traditions were weakened/lost. Samori Toure defended his Mandinka Empire sometimes referred to as Wassoulou Empire from the French occupation and expansion in Africa from 1883- 1898 before its collapses and annexation into the French empire. This marked the end of the Ashanti Kingdom and consolidated British control of the Gold Coast. Explain five results of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the 19th century. Describe five ways in which development of upright posture improved the early Man way of life. Except a slight inflation observed in Mandinka ethnic group which might have been underpowered because of small sample size, the estimates were also similar across the major ethnic groups. Afrika Is Woke: Ancient Civilizations, Mythology & Culture. The reasons why they resisted British are; they wanted to maintain their independence, protect their land, they were encouraged by their leader Mukire wa Namene and they also feared that the British might interfere with their own way of life. 2004 Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1919 1963) Explain five effects of Mandinka resistance against French invasion in the late 19th century. Meanwhile Menelik II had risen above the internal rivalries within Ethiopia and claimed the Ethiopian Throne following the death of Emperor Yohannes IV in 1889. Crime is a daily occurrence in South Africa. 1945. The Agiriama resistance was led by Mekatilili Wa Menza, she wanted to prevent any Giriama laborer from being employed by the colonial authorities. LAND ENCLOSURE SYSTEM Next in the Anti- expansionist resistance by Africa is the Samori Toure's Mandinka resistance against the French. Their resistance goes back to 1894. Refer here, First Name *, Email Address *. Samoure Toure led the movement from 1891 to 1898. why Mandika resistance took long time The following are the reasons as to why Mandika resistance took long time; The Nandi were moved far away from the railway line and lost some of their land to British settlers. Answers (1) State the main incident that made Japan to surrender unconditionally to be allied powers in 1945. State five reasons why hunting of wild animals was the main activity during stone age period. March 02, 2023. History and Government Questions and Answers. 2002 This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Give the relationship between "History" and "Government". April 2021 In addition to facing technologically advanced French artillery and tactics, Samori was also faced with African disunity when his efforts to form alliances with other African Kingdoms like the Asante failed. EXODUS East African Association 1995 BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. He was captured 29 September 1898 by the French captain Henri Gouraud and was exiled to Gabon. 2014 His effort to form an alliance against the French with the Asante was unsuccessful, and weakening African resistance in other French territories enabled the French to focus . It is there that they killed Peter West, a European who tried to go through. After his capture in 1898, Samori was exiled to Gabon where he died in captivity after suffering from Pneumonia. RIVER LAKE NILOTES DEVOLUTION Ture shifted his base of operations eastward, toward the Bandama and Comoe River. Lancaster House Conference EECTIONS Lobengula fled after the defeat at Bembesi, but not before burning his capital of Bulawayo to the ground rather than allow it to be captured by the British. BERLIN CONFERENCE (1919 1963) Political Developments And Struggle For Independence In Kenya The British Colony of Rhodesia was in the region once occupied by the Monomotapa Kingdom and its Chimurenga Resistance to British Colonial rule is a significant Anti-Colonial resistance movement which occurred in Africa. COUNTY ASSEMBLY emerged as one of the strongest resistance movements against the European colonization but it was tragically short lived. SCHOOLS These cookies do not store any personal information. (10 marks) (5 marks) (10 marks) (5 marks) Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late (10 marks) 19th Century. 23. Need for preservation of self independence:- The major reasons for resistance against colonial rule was a desire to maintain political independence and such societies which resisted thought that the colonialists had come to erode their independence. Kenya After his capture in 1898, Samori was exiled to Gabon where he died in captivity after suffering from Pneumonia. On May 1, 1898, when the French seized the town of Sikasso, just north of the new empire, Tour and his army took up positions in the Liberian forests to resist a second invasion. The Sudan was the eastward frontier. March 2020 Anglo-German Agreement As a result, Menelik IIs well equipped and trained forces were able to overwhelm and route the Italian Army in 3 separate engagements as the defensive line of the desperate Italian forces collapsed. By the end of 1895, their resistance was weakened. 2000 They are descendants of. I started almost a year ago and have created close to 40 episodes, organized in units and moving in chronological order. Causes of the 1893 Ndebele war. There were resistance movements that took direct orders from the Special Operations Executive , there was the communist resistance, groups loyal to de Gaulle , regional resistance movements that wanted . Furthermore, the progressive weakening of surrounding African States enabled the French to mount a focused and consistent attack on the Mandinka Empire which eventually led to its annihilation and Samori Toures capture. A small donation would help us keep this available to all. 129k followers East Africa. At the same time, the German government adopted a policy of encouraging Germans to settle in the colonies. NATIONAL LANGUAGE In December 1891, increasing French incursions into Tours empire led to the exodus of the entire nation eastward. Welcome to EasyElimu Questions and Answers, where you can ask questions and receive answers from other members of the community. HISTORY PAPER 1 EXAM SOMALI Your email address will not be published. Course of the franco-mandinka war. Give the relationship between 'History's and 'Government'. State five reasons why hunting of wild animals was the main activity during stone age period. State two factors which promote economic relations between nations. After some sucsessful attacks on Farms, Mines and Colonial infrastructure by both the Shona and Matebele, the British were successful in putting down the Matebele rebellion first, and thereafter the Mashonaland revolt was also suppressed. The Hehe rebellion is one of the famous ant-colonial rebellion in East Africa. ADD ANYTHING HERE OR JUST REMOVE IT college application checklist spreadsheet Facebook metaphors about spoons Twitter why is the development of a specification tree important Pinterest volunteering uk with accommodation linkedin the next step richelle and noah real life Telegram In June 1892, Col. Archinards replacement, Humbert, leading a small, well-supplied force of picked men, captured Tures capital of Bissandugu. Loss of lives 3. He pretended to arrange for a peace meeting with Samoei. She was also concerned about the growing of British influence in the region. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 2007 They maneuvered with great skill and were adept in hand-to-hand combat. 701 Eigenmann Hall, 1900 East 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47406 USA Telephone: (812) 856-4199, Fax: 8128564189 Resistance levels can be short-lived if new information comes to light that . 1960 These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Samory Tour, who created a large Mandinka empire in West Africa between the 1860s and the 1890s, was an inspiring political and military leader, but in the French he faced a far more capable, tenacious, and . The report mentioned pushbacks of migrants trying , In some countries, disruptions to power supply are. Ibrahima Khalil Fofana, LAlmami Samori Tour: Empereur (Paris: Prsence Africaine, 1998); Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Histoire de lAfrique Noire (Paris: Edition Hatier, 1978); Richard Roberts, Tour, Samori (1830-1900), in New Encyclopedia of Africa, John Middleton and Joseph Calder Miller, eds. Please check out the work of Pr. The reasons for this uprising are a point of debate, as well as how this uprising was carried out by the Shona and Ndebele people. Samori first had a confrontation with the French in 1882 but it was not until 1898 that they finally captured him and deported him to Gabon. Early Man According to the New York Times, Samori, " f or nearly 13 years, was the most dangerous antagonists . Nevertheless, the Battle Of Isandlwana would prove only to be the opening salvo in the Ango-Zulu War which would culminate in the conquest and destruction of the Zulu Empire under King Cetshwayo in 1879. Explain five effects of the Mandinka resistance against the French invasion in the late 19th century. Struggle For Independence In Kenya (1800 1963) MAUMAU Warrior king, empire builder and hero of the resistance against the French colonization of West Africa during the 19th century, Samori Tour was born around 1830 in the Milo River Valley in present-day Guinea. m/s " SC NORDIC " m/s " ENNY " m/s " KARMSUND " Why did the Mandinka under the Samori Toure resist the imposition of French colonialism? Samori Toure put up a spirited resistance against France, and he was an African warrior par excellence. A detachment of troops under Major Alan Wilson were sent to pursue Lobengula, they followed him across the Shangani River on December 4, but they were cut off by the kings amabutho. International Relations African stories must be told from an African persp, The University at Timbuktu is one of the oldest in, Ghana's Year of Return in 2019 was a bold attempt , In positioning itself as a white country of social, Slave bodies were a readily available medical comm, Both the general public and political party member. Colonial Kenya However, he did not go down without putting up a fight. However it is important to note his legacy in launching a spirited campaign against the French. Answers Many lives were lost due to the protracted war between the two groups; There was destruction of property as the Mandinka applied scorched earth policy during the war; The Mandinka were defeated and hence subjected to French colonial rule/ Second, religious movements shaped how African peoples interpreted what was happening to their societies once the war in Africa began. I'd love it if you would give it a look and provide any feedback on how I can make . Luo May 2022 1 a ; ; . UNSC Form 4 Mkwawa was seen as brutal who came to power through war and intimidation. $1,000 in 1990 worth today . In October 1895, the British led by the commander, Meinertzhagen decided to defeat the Nandi once and for all. Highlight one way in which economic rivalries between the European powers resulted to the outbreak of 1st World War. Complete Paper Its therefore not a surprise that it would take 5 Wars fought over 75 years between 1823 and 1902 for the British to deal a decisive blow to the Ashanti Empire and thereby consolidate the conquest of the Gold Coast. Atika School Provides History and Gvernment questions and answers for KCSE preparations. The complexity of Africans' political relationships among others influenced the nature of their resistance to colonial rule. People lying dead an effect of war. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. ABAGUSII 1999 By 1867, Samori was now a full-fledged army commander in his own right. After two years, Samori deserted the Berete and began to unite his people thus the work of creating the great but short-lived Mandinka Empire had begun for him. Answers (1). 1500 AD Eventually Mkwawa was captured in July 1898. Nigeria August 2019 Shaka Zulu, The Incomparable Military Le, The Glory and Prestige of the University, Lessons From Ghana's Year of Return for , Black People were Systematically Erased , How Black Slaves Were Sold as "Specimens, Nigeria Decides 2023: Highlights of Nige, Massive Disappointment in Kenya as Supre, Kenya to Set Up 136 Solar Mini-grids to , The Untold story of South Africas Risin, Macron Set for Mission to Win Back Afric, How to Select a Residential Solar Instal, Casino Siteleri Explains Reasons for Fre, 5 Banner Ad Design Errors and How to Avo, Death at Sea as North African Migrants A, Top 10 African Countries with Best Elect.