gemini astronauts still alive gemini astronauts still alive

Virgil "Gus" Grissom was a NASA astronaut who flew twice in space and was selected to command the first Apollo manned mission as well. The wives were formally and informally drafted into a support network. He joined the Air Force that same year, and completed flight training in Columbus, Mississippi. . Ten years later, Shepard would leave Earth's atmosphere again to become the fifth man to walk on the moon and the first one to play golf there. Omissions? Collins continued circling the Moon until July 21, when Armstrong and Aldrin rejoined him. He said, The fact that I was out of communications, rather than that being a fear, that was a joy because I got Mission Control to shut up for a little while. His Faith 7 capsule circled the Earth 22 times and the mission lasted more than a day.. They're still very protective of NASA and even if they were divorced from their astronaut, they still had a strong sense of loyalty to him or to the program. During this time, he applied and was accepted to West Point Military Academy in New York, and decided to follow his father, two uncles, brother and cousin into the armed services. A few days before a mission, NASA would install a "squawk box" in the astronauts' homes. Apollo 8 was launched on December 21, 1968, and carried Lovell, Borman, and William Anders on the first crewed flight around the Moon. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jim-Lovell, Space.com - Jim Lovell: NASA astronaut and Apollo 13 commander, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of James Lovell, James A. Lovell, Jr. - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin after Gemini 12 splashdown, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This is a complete list of U.S. career astronauts who are deceased. All Gemini astronautsexcluding the Mercury Seven astronauts already includedwere inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1993.[3]. We can now have the perspective to look back and say it's not just about the guys in the silver suits, but there's this whole community of engineers, and there was this whole story at home. If the astronaut is still alive, the number is parenthesis is his age as of April 28 th 2021 and, if not, the parenthesis gives the year of death: Apollo 7 - Schirra (d. 2007), Eisele (d. 1987), Cunningham (89) Apollo 8 - Borman (93), Lovell (93), Anders (87) Our image of the day, 'Star Trek: Picard' episode 3 marks the emotional return of Deanna Troi, Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with code 'LOVE5', Issues delivered straight to your door or device. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. On his last flight, Gemini 5, Cooper and crewmate Pete Conrad set what was then a world endurance record of the time of 190 hours 56 minutes. Follow us@Spacedotcom,FacebookandGoogle+. SpaceX Crew-6 astronaut launch: Live updates, Lunar Legacy: 45ApolloMoon Mission Photos, See Jupiter and Venus dance across the twilight sky in this amazing photo collage, Moon-dust shield could help fight climate change on Earth, Mars helicopter Ingenuity soars between Red Planet airfields on 46th flight, Pictures from space! Menu. October 4, 2004Gordon Cooper / Date of death Very shiny. Our childrenweren't trained for the public view that became part of their lives," Valerie Anders, wife of Apollo astronaut Bill Aners, remembered. The Gemini astronauts were sixteen pilots who flew in Project Gemini, NASA's second human spaceflight program, between projects Mercury and Apollo. A Florida resident, he would go in to a career in NASA management and was often consulted as an outside expert for the space agency after he retired. It was a huge sacrifice for them. Post navigation. Four of the sixteen astronauts flew twice.[1][2]. David Randolph Scott (born June 6, 1932) is an American retired test pilot and NASA astronaut who was the seventh person to walk on the Moon.Selected as part of the third group of astronauts in 1963, Scott flew to space three times and commanded Apollo 15, the fourth lunar landing; he is one of four surviving Moon walkers and the only living commander of a spacecraft that landed on the Moon. While their husbands were strapped to a giant rocket, television crews and newspapermen would crowd the front lawns, building temporary towers on suburban tracts to transmit the family's reactions to the world. This list reflects the 04/28/2021 passing of Gemini X/Apollo Xi astronaut Michael Collins: Still living NASA astronauts are denoted in CAPITAL LETTERS. This post was edited on 10/18 at 12:44 pm. The other five, who remain with us, include: Other astronauts from the program who are still alive include: All six astronauts from the Apollo 8 and 9 missions remain with us. Gemini 5 was largely a success, but NASA knew it still had to test whether astronauts could handle longer-duration spaceflights and Gemini 7 was the mission chosen to do that. Author Lily Koppel spoke about her new book "Astronaut Wives Club" June 17 at the Forbes Galleries in New York. But his role in the three-man mission in 1969 was just as crucial and his task to keep the module circling and piloting it as his team mates departed from the module in the Eagle lander and then returned safely, was just as crucial, nerve-racking and exciting for the mission as a whole. Squawk Boxes Implicitly, they understood that they had to have the faith in their husbands'. Among the Gemini astronauts, six later walked on the Moon, another five flew to the Moon without landing, and two participated in Low Earth orbit Apollo missions. Where an astronaut flew a second mission, his name is in italics. Bright. And that was what happened.". In 1980, he entered the private sector, working as an aerospace consultant. Gordon Cooper was a NASA astronaut who flew twice in space, during the Mercury and Gemini programs. Left to right: Glenn, Schirra, Cooper and Carpenter. [Apollo Astronauts: Then and Now]. SIXTEEN (16) STILL LIVING NASA ASTRONAUTS (Mercury-Gemini-Apollo) Jim McDivitt Tom Stafford Frank Borman Jim Lovell David Scott Michael Collins Buzz Aldrin Bill Anders Rusty Schweikert Alan. Young replied, "No. His first spaceflight was the Gemini 10 mission, where he performed a spacewalk. // cutting the mustard The women who married fighter pilots or test pilots understood that their lives could be shattered in an instant. Lovell, a graduate (1952) of the U.S. The tradeoff benefited both sides, especially sinceLifepaid a stipend to each family and also provided a life insurance policy -- which insurers would not grant to anyone who listed "astronaut" as their profession. Early U.S. space history is fading with the deaths of Gene Cernan, the last man to walk on the moon, John Glenn, the last of the Mercury 7 astronauts, and Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon. Shepard died in 1998 at the age of 74 from leukemia. They are: (front, l to r) Walter H. Schirra, Jr., Donald K. Slayton, John H. Glenn, Jr., and Scott Carpenter; (back, l to r) Alan B. Shepard, Jr., Virgil I. Gus Grissom, and L. Gordon Cooper. The latest breaking updates, delivered straight to your email inbox. These women are like, 'They didn't live through it we did.'. On his last flight, Gemini 5, Cooper and crewmate Pete Conrad set what was then a world. Borman, 88, commanded Apollo 8, the first flight in which humans circled the moon. Koppel: Yeah, I had to coax some of them. New York, They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Which is good. Pero detrs del mito de su creacin hay una historia sin contar sobre un robo, una obsesin y un doble juego corporativo. The 86-year-old veteran of Apollo 11 and Gemini 12 made news recently when he fell ill while visiting Antarctica to study conditions similar to Mars. They weren't outspoken, they weren't being heroes. The next day, he and his fellow astronauts left lunar orbit. Public Relations Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. He later moved to Illinois and opened a successful restaurant in Lake Forest. But we were so much more than Stepford wives.' Left to right . The world held its breath as Armstrong first stepped on the moon in July, 1969. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Michael Collins, Birth Year: 1930, Birth date: October 31, 1930, Birth City: Rome, Birth Country: Italy. If I wasn't in the simulator I was at home studying diagrams. Jim Lovell figured, "Better than 90 percent of what families could ever hope to hear on this party line was incomprehensible a lot of numbers and vectors that even the flight controllers themselves occasionally found tedious." Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Now, dozens of the wives of Mercury, Gemini and Apollo astronauts have shared their experiences in a new book, "The Astronaut Wives Club" (Grand Central Publishing, June 2013). Is Buzz Aldrin still alive in 2021? Lovell, 88, was one of NASA's most frequent early fliers, best known as the commander of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission, which teetered on catastrophe. My family kind of lost track of me there for a little while." Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! SpaceX Crew-6 astronaut launch: Live updates, Moon-dust shield could help fight climate change on Earth, Mars helicopter Ingenuity soars between Red Planet airfields on 46th flight, Pictures from space! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. They met because Jim Lovell's prom date dumped him, and he asked Marilyn to fill in for him and theyve been together ever since. July 24, 2020. The story of America's first astronauts is being retold in the TV series "The Right Stuff" on Disney Plus by National Geographic, which premieres Oct. 9 during World Space Week 2020. Like, 'Listen, we're hot pilots, do your thing, but make sure it doesnt make it into the papers.' He was serving as a flight instructor and safety officer at the time (1963) he was selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the crewed space program. ', "I knew it was a Cold War tactic and I knew that it was politically motivated. The American astronaut Michael Collins, who was part of the Apollo 11 original moon landing crew and kept the command module flying while Neil . In 1952, Collins graduated from West Point with a Bachelor of Science degree. Private contractors and civilians who flew on the Shuttle under the classification "payload specialist" - sometimes called "payload specialist astronaut" by NASA - are not included. As Marilyn Lovell [wife of Apollo 13 astronaut Jim Lovell] said to me when I was interviewing her, she started crying and she said, "That was the best time of my life." Watch a collection of episodes featuring Apollo 11 on History Vault. Mercury program (no flights), Apollo-Soyuz, Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, 2 Shuttle. . John H. Glenn, Jr. Four of America's moonwalkers are still alive: Aldrin (Apollo 11), David Scott (Apollo 15), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), and Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17). Koppel: Oh yeah. Our current news team consists of Editor-in-Chief Tariq Malik; Editor Hanneke Weitering, Senior Space Writer Mike Wall; Senior Writer Meghan Bartels; Senior Writer Chelsea Gohd, Senior Writer Tereza Pultarova and Staff Writer Alexander Cox, focusing on e-commerce. 2023, Hearst Television Inc. on behalf of WPTZ-TV. Alternate titles: James Arthur Lovell, Jr. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. We were military wives, we formed a corps of wives; we were close to each other, but there was no psychological help; there was no one preparing us for this life." President John F. Kennedy had announced Project Apollo, on May 25 . Even within NASA, they only used outside doctors if they had a problem because they were so scared of not getting a flight. The couple lived in both Marco Island, Florida, and Avon, North Carolina. The second was the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969the first lunar . At the time he was orbiting, he was always cut off from communications every time the Apollo 11 command module passed around the back side of the moon. So I thought about it, but I thought 'we're in this, this is a very positive thing. White was killed in the Apollo 1 fire along with Grissom and Chaffee. Many Apollo astronauts have lived into their 80s. Home. The new book "Astronaut Wives Club" (Grand Central Publishing, June 2013) by Lily Koppel reveals what life was really like for spouses of the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo astronauts. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Are any of the original 7 astronauts still alive? Private contractors and civilians who flew on the Shuttle under the classification "payload specialist" - sometimes called "payload specialist astronaut" by NASA - are not included. I think that honestly they feel that they have been shut out of a lot of history. This was followed by an assignment to the 21st Fighter-Bomber Wing at the George Air Force Base, where he learned how to deliver nuclear weapons. "We were very much in the public eye and nobody had been trained for that. Named as one of NASA's "Original Seven" Mercury astronauts in 1959, he remained an astronaut long enough to fly the first manned mission of the Apollo command module that eventually ferried crews to and from the moon. Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! All three crew members of Apollo 11, the first lunar landing-Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin-were Gemini veterans. After Elliot See died in a plane crash, John Young called Marilyn Lovell and asked her to visit See's wife. Susan Borman remembered, "NASA had told us that if anything went wrong, they'd turn those boxes off so that we couldn't", Valerie Anders: "Some of the astronauts would come [to the house] for each important phase of the mission so that if the wife had a question, they were there with their expertise to say 'well, you may hear this on the squawk box but this is what it means. This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 19:04. There are still some veterans from the Gemini program of the 1960's still living James McDevitt, James Lovell, Frank Borman, Dave Scott, Michael Collins , Ed Aldrin , Thomas Stafford . Four Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin were the first of 12 human beings who walked on the Moon. Stafford, who also flew on two Gemini flights, later commanded the Apollo-Soyuz test program, which paved the way for U.S.-Soviet cooperation. SPACE.com: Was it hard for the people you interviewed now to be honest with you about what it was really like? How many of the first astronauts are still alive? When her mother asked her why she always wore the same dress on television, Anders had to tell her it was the only good outfit she had. These wives were basically single mothers during the week who were mowing the lawn, keeping the checkbook balanced, making sure their husbands aren't overly stressed at home, per NASA's recommendations. Rene Carpenter at a post-flight press conference for the Mercury-Atlas 7 mission at Cape Canaveral on May 27, 1962. He also served as an experimental flight test officer at Edwards Air Force Base in California, testing jet fighters. Collins wrote this was a false impression; there was too much to do to feel lonely. tiny black tadpole looking bug in bathroom; ff14 plasmoid iron lake location; top 10 most dangerous areas in cape town; cockapoo rescue michigan; floris nicolas ali, baron van pallandt cause of death; James Arthur Lovell Jr. (/ l v l /; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1961, Mercury conducted Gemini, then Gemini went out in 1966 between projects Mercury and Apollo. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8, he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders, one of the first three astronauts to fly to and orbit the Moon.He then commanded the Apollo 13 lunar mission in 1970 which, after a critical failure en . Originally founded in 1999, Space.com is, and always has been, the passion of writers and editors who are space fans and also trained journalists. ' He later became NASA's chief astronaut and a tireless advocate of astronaut safety. Similarly, after an Apollo 13 accident, before Marilyn Lovell was informed of the situation, the Conrads and other friends were on their way to the Lovell home. The Mercury program represented NASA's first human spaceflight program, with the aim to see if humans could function effectively in space for a few minutes or hours at a time. Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle. Three astronauts made the journey from Earth to the Moon twice: James Lovell (Apollo 8 and Apollo 13 . Collins died on April 28, 2021. So it was just, 'Happy, proud and thrilled.' During the mission, friends and family would arrive. NY 10036. But I think that was good and I think they enjoyed being provoked a little. Jim Lovell, byname of James Arthur Lovell, Jr., (born March 25, 1928, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.), U.S. astronaut of the Gemini and Apollo space programs, commander of the nearly disastrous Apollo 13 flight to the Moon in 1970. He flew only once in space before shifting his attention to underwater activities for much of his remaining career. The box allowed the families to listen in on any communicationsbetween the astronauts and mission control. It was the first time anybody went to the moon or behind the moon. 4 hours, 52 minutes 31 seconds First manned Gemini flight, three orbits. And when that was achieved, I was really happy for him. Your husband had gone where none of these international jet set could even dream of going. He also flew on Gemini 7, Gemini 12 and the Apollo 8 mission that circled the moon for the first time. They were like supermoms. Thirteen of the 29 astronauts who participated in the 11 Apollo missions that began in 1968 remain with us today. So we were there to do whatever was required. Four of America's moonwalkers are still alive: Aldrin (Apollo 11), David Scott (Apollo 15), Charles Duke (Apollo 16), and Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17). Carrying two astronauts at a time, a senior command pilot and a junior pilot, the Gemini spacecraft was used for ten crewed missions. Updated at 10:15 a.m. May 4, 2015. Many of the untold stories of the space race reside with the women. His performance earned him a position on the advanced day fighter training team at Nellis Air Force Base, flying the F-86 Sabres. The Gemini Project was spectacularly successful even as it was a challenging training experience. Ruthless: Monopoly's Secret History (espaol). The Gemini astronauts were sixteen pilots who flew in Project Gemini, NASA's second human spaceflight program, between projects Mercury and Apollo. From his vantage point, high above the Earth, he reminded us of the fragility of our own planet, and called on us to care for it like the treasure it is, Biden said in a statement. Also killed in the Columbia accident was Israeli payload specialist Ilan Ramon. The death of Apollo 11 command module pilot Michael Collins on Wednesday at the age of 90 means there are now five surviving astronauts from among the 18 who participated in the six Apollo landings on the moon from 1969 through 1972. Clara Moskowitz is a science and space writer who joined the Space.com team in 2008 and served as Assistant Managing Editor from 2011 to 2013. I want you to do something much harder not tell her. Astronaut participation in Project Gemini was also a strong predictor for future achievement during the Apollo Program: Department of Energy national laboratories, Office of Commercial Space Transportation, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Department of State Office of Space Affairs, Every Apollo mission commander, including Gus Grissom and with the exception of. But everybody's very thoughtful. Bill Anders: "We were working 18 hours a day. Jim Lovell, byname of James Arthur Lovell, Jr., (born March 25, 1928, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.), U.S. astronaut of the Gemini and Apollo space programs, commander of the nearly disastrous Apollo 13 flight to the Moon in 1970. We weren't trained for ticker-tape parades. Gemini III, Molly Brown March 23, 1965 Virgil I. Grissom, John W. Young. Whenever there are these NASA anniversaries and everyone gathers, a lot of the times it's the astronauts and their second or third or fourth wife. Lovell accompanied Frank Borman on the record-breaking 14-day flight of Gemini 7. When you go back and look at things and talk to the astronauts, it was very much condoned, the kind of behavior of, 'OK, the Cape is where you're going to be training, you can definitely unwind on the side and questions arent necessarily going to be asked. It was the most exciting time of their lives. Faith and Pragmatism His paintings often have a space theme. Supporting Each Other He was 90. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. NASA. Read on to meet NASA's first star travelers, the pioneering astronauts who became the first Americans in space. People were coming in and out all the time. Its a shame that when people are asked, Can you name the Apollo 11 crew. Mike Collins is normally the name that doesnt come to mind, Francis French, of the San Diego Air and Space Museum and author of many books on the space program, told the radio network. GALLERY: These 9 living astronauts are the last of NASA's early legacy. And it was just open house. '", Never Alone Glenn made history again when, at the age of 77, he became the oldest person to travel in space. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. In the Public Eye Tiny. SPACE.com: Do you think people at the time had a really false idea of what these women's lives were like? I knew that he was competitive like all the others, and so I was cheering for him to be on a crew. The first group of astronauts selected by NASA were for Project Mercury in April 1959. Why I was so excited about writing it was because it really was sort of the heart of the endeavor, the emotional story of the space race. This is a hassle-free site -- no popups, no sound, no user IDs, But NASA was different. Frank Anders with wife and children. And soon after he was selected for the crew of Apollo 8, the flight plan changed. And I did have some thoughts about this flight because it was, it was an adventuresomeflight. It adds that the family hopes people will celebrate his joy, sharp wit and his quiet sense of purpose, and his wise perspective, gained both from looking back at Earth from the vantage of space and gazing across calm waters from the deck of his fishing boat. Lovell remained in NASA, and in 1971 he became a deputy director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. He spent his final days peacefully.. Collins made two spaceflights. Surviving lunar landing mission astronauts include Collins' Apollo 11 crewmate Buzz Aldrin, 91, who walked on the moon with mission commander Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969. Advertisement. Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton. As an intermediary step, Gemini afforded its astronauts the opportunity to gain critical spaceflight experience, performing tasks required in the later Apollo program which fulfilled this objective. They've been together since high school. After the United States entered World War II, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where Collins attended St. Albans School. Rene Carpenter, the last surviving member of the much-glorified cohort of Mercury 7 astronauts and their wives, whom Tom Wolfe immortalized in his best . "You want me to tell her that Elliot was killed?" Susan Borman, wife of Apollo 8 commander Frank Borman. We kept it like 'Leave it to Beaver.'" Carrying two astronauts at a time, a senior command pilot and a junior pilot, the Gemini spacecraft was used for ten crewed missions. Collins, Armstrong and Aldrin were all awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Richard Nixon. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}8 Black Medical Pioneers You Should Know, Biography: You Need to Know: Fazlur Rahman Khan, Biography: You Need to Know: Tony Hansberry, Biography: You Need to Know: Bessie Blount Griffin, Biography: You Need to Know: Frances Glessner Lee, Biography: You Need To Know: Rachel Carson. He also sat through a pad abort during the Gemini program. "As this history recedes into the background and fewer and fewer people remember it, the more mythological it becomes," he said. He later became chief executive of the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines. Best Known For: Michael Collins was an astronaut who was part of the Gemini 10 and Apollo 11 missions, the latter of which included the first lunar landing in history. Astronaut James McDivitt, commander of Gemini IV and Apollo 9, dies at age 93 - McDivitt was sitting beside Ed White when he became the first American to walk in s . On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn blasted into space aboard Mercury's Friendship 7 capsule, then traveled around the planet three times, becoming the first American to orbit the Earth. The lunar landing crews of Apollo 12 and 14 have passed away. The fire in Apollo 1 that killed three astronauts shook the confidence of many in NASA's extended family. Hiscandid diary describesSoviet triumphs, setbacks, and reactions to the American program. F-4J(UK) Phantom, Timeline of first Earth observation satellites, R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz), Timeline of first images of Earth from space, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Gemini_astronauts&oldid=1133832726, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Later walked on the Moon as an Apollo astronaut, Later flew to the Moon as an Apollo astronaut, without landing, Later flew a low-Earth orbit mission as an Apollo astronaut, Every Apollo mission commander, including Gus Grissom and with the exception of. The new book "Astronaut Wives Club" (Grand Central Publishing, June 2013) by Lily Koppel reveals what life was really like for spouses of the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo astronauts. About Us; Staff; Camps; Scuba. "The astronaut wives' 'right stuff' mostly meant you stayed at home and took the responsibility away from your husband so that he could function in his world, which was a very competitive world. He lives in Texas. From the creator of Who's Alive and Who's Dead. Inspired by .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}John Glenn, Michael Collins was chosen by NASA to be part of the third group of astronauts. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Launched December 4, 1965, Gemini 7 was joined in space by Gemini 6, launched 11 days later and crewed by Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and Thomas P. Stafford, for the first successful space rendezvous. All three of the men who flew to the Moon twice-Jim Lovell, John Young and Gene Cernan-were Gemini veterans.