The Neuroscientist, 25(6), 566582. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-37447, Thordardottir, E. (2006). See ASHAs Practice Portal resource on Transitioning Youth. Rocha, M., Yaruss, J. S., & Rato, J. R. (2019). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 27(4), 289304. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 29(1), 201215. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 36(4), 290295. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_AJSLP-ODC11-17-0189, Chakraborty, M., Chen, L.-F., Fridel, E. E., Klein, M. E., Senft, R. A., Sarkar, A., & Jarvis, E. D. (2017). Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the United States: 20092017. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 53, 2640. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(1), 1429. All speakers are disfluent at times. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0343, Snsterud, H., Feragen, K. B., Kirmess, M., Halvorsen, M. S., & Ward, D. (2019). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27(3S), 11241138. This course presents the most up-to-date evidence regarding the identification and management of atypical disfluency. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45(6), 10971105. Adults are likely to have been living with stuttering for a long time. Stuttering Therapy Resources. Logos, 3, 8295. A comprehensive view of stuttering: Implications for assessment and treatment. The ability to use speech strategies; to make choices to speak and participate, regardless of the level of fluency; and to take risks is greatly reduced outside of the treatment setting when time pressure and conditioned negative feelings may trigger fear and old behaviors. Consistent with treatment approaches for children and adolescents, treatment for adults needs to be individualized, dynamic, and multidimensional. Plural. Individuals typically arent diagnosed or do not start treatment until 8 years of age or into adolescence/adulthood (Ward & Scaler Scott, 2011). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(3), 260274. A thematic analysis of late recovery from stuttering. The purpose of assessing school-age children and adolescents for fluency disorders is to determine the presence, the extent, andmost importantlythe impact of the fluency disorder and the potential benefit from treatment. Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment. Provider refers to the person providing treatment (e.g., SLP, trained volunteer, family member, or caregiver). American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 27(3S), 11111123. Additionally, the affective, behavioral, and cognitive features of stuttering are important components of the assessment (Vanryckeghem & Kawai, 2015). However, their disfluencies are not likely to involve prolongations, blocks, physical tension, or secondary behaviors that are more typical for children who stutter (Boscolo et al., 2002). Intervention procedures for the young stutterer. Building trust by following the students lead, finding out what experiences may be motivating, and bringing together peers for support are treatment options to consider (Hearne et al., 2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.08.001, Han, T.-U., Park, J., Domingues, C. F., Moretti-Ferreira, D., Paris, E., Sainz, E., Gutierrez, J., & Drayna, D. (2014). (2018). Group experiences and individual differences in stuttering. Understanding and treating cluttering. Their skills are developing in this area. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.04.003, Menzies, R. G., Onslow, M., Packman, A., & OBrian, S. (2009). Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(4), 374380. Self-report of self-disclosure statements for stuttering. by ; 2022 June 3; barbara "brigid" meier; 0 . the impact of communication impairments on, Relevant case history (as appropriate for age), including. provide and receive support from others who share the experience of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35(4), 333354. (2011). Cooper, E. B. Sheehan, J. G. (1970). Is parentchild interaction therapy effective in reducing stuttering? Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 49(1), 5358. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2009.09.002, Millard, S. K., Nicholas, A., & Cook, F. M. (2008). Enhancing treatment for school-age children who stutter: II. Reardon-Reeves, N., & Yaruss, J. S. (2013). For example, some children from bilingual or multicultural backgrounds may experience stuttering onset or a temporary increase in stuttering as result of being in new and unfamiliar situations, learning a new language, or being exposed to mixed linguistic input (Shenker, 2013). It is important to distinguish stuttering from other possible diagnoses (e.g., language formulation difficulties, cluttering, and reading disorders) and to distinguish cluttering from language-related difficulties (e.g., word finding and organization of discourse) and other disorders that have an impact on speech intelligibility (e.g., apraxia of speech and other speech sound disorders). Regional cerebral blood flow is reduced in Brocas area, the region in the frontal lobes of the brain linked to speech production, and an inverse relationship was noted between the severity of stuttering and the rate of blood flow (Desai et al., 2016). (2011). Seminars in Speech and Language, 28(4), 312322. The role of attention in therapy for children and adolescents who stutter: Cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based interventions. Impact experienced from stuttering, or covert features of stuttering, may include. Hearne, A., Packman, A., Onslow, M., & Quine, S. (2008). Treatment for fluency disorders is highly individualized and based on a thorough assessment of speech fluency, language factors, emotional/attitudinal components, and life impact (Byrd & Donaher, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.02.002, Murphy, W. P., Yaruss, J. S., & Quesal, R. W. (2007b). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 37(4), 289299. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-18-0318, Lucey, J., Evans, D., & Maxfield, N. D. (2019). Treatment outcomes for bilingual children who stutter do not appear to be different from those of monolingual children who stutter (Shenker, 2011). Journal of Communication Disorders, 58, 4357. Cluttering and stuttering do not need to occur in all situations or even a majority of the time to be diagnosable disorders. Scaler Scott, K. (2013). The recommended citation for this Practice Portal page is: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (n.d.). auditory processing disorders (Molt, 1996). See What To Ask When Evaluating Any Procedure, Product, or Program. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195165791.003.0007, Proctor, A., Yairi, E., Duff, M., & Zhang, J. Direct versus indirect treatment for preschool children who stutter: The RESTART randomized trial. Drayna, D. (2011). (2018). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 38(2), 206221. Bray, M. A., Kehle, T. J., Lawless, K., & Theodore, L. (2003). Guitar, B. ), Cluttering: Research, intervention and education (pp. In L. Cummings (Ed. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 25(Spring), 820. Service delivery for fluency disorders encompasses, among other factors, treatment format, provider(s), dosage, timing, and setting. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_25_S_8, Leech, K. A., Bernstein Ratner, N., Brown, B., & Weber, C. M. (2017). B., & Al-Khamra, R. (2015). Higher incidence rates of stuttering have been reported in preschool-aged children (11.2%; Reilly et al., 2013), with prevalence estimates reported as 2.2%5.6% (Yairi & Ambrose, 2013). Ward, D., & Scaler Scott, K. (2011). Some children go through a disfluent period of speaking. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment for fluency disorders should include assessment of both overt and covert features. These disfluencies do not appear to be symptoms of stuttering (child onset fluency disorder). Preschool children who stutter showed differences in event-related brain potentials used as indices of language processing. Starkweather, C. W. (1987). Without proper intervention, children who exhibit signs of early stuttering are more at risk for continued stuttering. The Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention: A clinicians guide. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.004, Menzies, R. G., OBrian, S., Packman, A., Jones, M., Helgadttir, F. D., & Onslow, M. (2019). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 36(1), 1726. https://doi.org/10.1044/persp2.SIG17.42, Vanryckeghem, M., & Kawai, M. (2015). Bilingual myth-busters series when young children who stutter are also bilingual: Some thoughts about assessment and treatment. Treatment for adolescents who stutter poses a particular challenge because of the issues related to this developmental stage. These symptoms come suddenly and do need hospitalization. The utility of stuttering support organization conventions for young people who stutter. One study showed that children who clutter had 7.6 times more normal disfluencies compared to "atypical" disfluencies when they retold a story (van Zaalen et al., 2009). Providing prevention information to individuals and groups known to be at risk for fluency disorders and to individuals working with those at risk. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(1), 4149. https://doi.org/10.1044/2019_JSLHR-19-00138, Tichenor, S. E., & Yaruss, J. S. (2019b). The clinical applications of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with clients who stutter. Stuttering: Its nature, diagnosis, and treatment. Genetic factors also may play a role in predicting the likelihood of persistence or recovery and, possibly, treatment outcomes (Frigerio-Domingues et al., 2019; Han et al., 2014). Given that cluttering may co-occur with other disorders (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, Tourettes syndrome, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), having any of these disorders may be a risk factor; however, not all individuals with these disorders also exhibit cluttering. Psychology Press. Tourettes syndrome (see Van Borsel, 2011, for a review). Speech, Language and Hearing, 20(3), 144153. For a review of temperament, emotion, and childhood stuttering, see R. M. Jones, Choi, et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/2050571X.2016.1253533. A comprehensive treatment approach for school-age children, adolescents, and adults includes multiple goals and considers the age of the individual and their unique needs (e.g., communication in the classroom, in the community, or at work). advertising through a classroom presentation with the guidance of the SLP or classroom teacher in the case of school-age children (W. P. Murphy et al., 2007b). Stuttering and reading fluency: Information for teachers [Brochure]. Tallying has the client stop directly after a moment of stuttering to tally or bring awareness to it while not attempting to escape by continuing to talk. However, there is no evidence to support the idea that stuttering is caused by, or more prevalent in, bilingual or multilingual speakers or that exposure to a second language increases the risk for developing stuttering (Byrd, 2018).