Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. %PDF-1.5 % By allowing the former Confederates to reenter the political arena, Republicans faced an uphill battle against the surge in Democratic support and voter-suppression tactics aimed at Republicans and African Americans. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Howdid the Thirteenth Amendment changethe Constitution? CONTEXT: In the imaginary land of Wakanda, established landowners keep their power by maintaining private armies. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? >YpVE$r#]Y@ -7}bKfl[83 How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? 0. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. (southern Democrats). the South divided into 5 military districts, Equality at the ballot box would be a work in progress for decades to come. Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? More punitive actions against the South, Lincoln felt, would only make it harder to heal the divided nation. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. they became caught up in debt. Things began to change socially, politically, and economically. When did reconstruction begin? Reconstruction lasted from the Civil War to 1877. During Civil War they had "rehearsals" for reconstruction in the Union-occupied south. Idea of black people being free began during the Civil War. CAm? How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? @{/rd;G[F|!-DStuux2g>w2q}g=,~1tMEDuMz@hN Established in March 1865, the Bureau had provided blacks in the South with material assistance, schools, and guidance in settling on abandoned land. It gave native born blacks citizenship. When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. In this paper we utilize saliency maps to evaluate whether this correlation exists. The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. In that compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won a tight race for the Presidency with just one electoral voteon the condition that all federal troops be removed from the South and a southern Democrat be named to his cabinet. While this lesson will not provide answers for all of these questions, the hope is that it will point students in the direction of seeking out such answers with the documents and the interactive provided and formulating their own similar kinds of questions. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. It was drafted according to the Ten-Percent Plan It gave blacks the right to vote Describe the agriculture system of the New South. y@bi(^k^izu#(fN@)Z4x[wN)Gd\JvWma:M;:*BL5;Sh`2lM^YQ2k(!W7.W)J0>krA"eXk+n R/B.zuu7' ]apJ|_wv^k| +^|B`:H$wlEnT*8@0vX{[rm6FoN,iE?FF/mh@u'Q{$]pJn07a8Y9U-A/, S7GYjkQUKC2"qxLa=23P21 |0Cm)r PS)et%.H e' Who were its members? TQSCQIf@*$ WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Freedmen's Bureau, Reconstruction, Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan and more. Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. xT+&DLeD If the teachers students have little experience evaluating primary source documents, there are several websites that include activities to help students develop these skills. Many Native American tribes were stripped of their lands, moved onto reservations, forced into an assimilation program not of their choosing, and in some cases massacred by settlers and/or the U.S. Army. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 Select all that apply. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream By clarifying and expanding the definition of what constituted a United States citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment brought emancipated African Americans into American society and allowed them to take advantage of much-needed legal protections. blacks could vote and hold office. On September 111, 193919391939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. The sentence contains at least one complement. universal male suffrage, plan was the easiest on the South? The sharecropping model left many tenant farmers in such dire straits that it was nearly impossible to break free from their economic shackles. These research assistants will evaluate a series of documents (which in this activity will substitute for live interviews) representing a variety of views concerning the direction of Reconstruction policy regarding voting rights and the impact these views had or should have had on the politics of the nation. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. In addition to racial animosityand possibly a factor that fed into that animosity as it was exploited by demagogueswas the rule of ineffective and inexperienced state and local politicians in the wake of Southern defeat. Poll taxes prevented poor citizens from being able to vote. In this Previous !~TrFH(n$J*sEsoWg >tNs=agsdZqRikzY9;.k`A5T-*kd>[MQ`&;Q3=z,:\P:GeeeE? The teacher may also want to point out that original documents, such as these, retain their original spelling and syntaxeven if incorrect. The worksheet provided in the Text Document for Activity 1 asks two sets of questions: one set relates to the document, and the other relates to the corresponding section of the interactive. What was the purpose of the military Reconstruction Act quizlet? The Military Reconstruction Act stated that remaining Confederate states that had not been reconstructed would be divided into five military districts and put under martial law. State governments set up under Johnsons Reconstruction plan were deemed illegal and new governments were to be formed. "Z~(Y9I,$iA4rHR2y"xBCDx!uF$P=C|# There were those who used their positions for exploitation. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. This condition was inevitable given the disqualification of many of the regions most experienced and able government officials because of their disfranchisement for participation in the late rebellion. Think. As resistance and violence continued to spread in the South, Republican resolve began to weaken. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T 436 0 obj <>stream Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. What was the "Swing 'Round the Circle"? It required that 50 percent of a state's voters take the oath of allegiance and demanded stronger safeguards for emancipation than Lincoln's as the price of readmission. This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. Connect to Life Which speaker's view of love appeals more to you? Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? However, what gains were made in the realm of civil rights were under assault by the time Grant died and almost completely destroyed by the turn of the century. Why did Republicans retreat from their commitment to black voting and civil rights? hbbd``b`"|c4`@@Hd100Kg0` Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next The central question of Reconstruction was how to reunite a badly divided country fractured by four years of civil war. WebQuiz The 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction proposed A plan for Radical Reconstruction The Ten-Percent Plan The Fifty-Percent Plan Andrew Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction Why did Congress reject Louisianas new constitution in 1864? The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. They passed two bills. Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. Northern Democrats who moved into former Confederate-controlled states with the intention of upsetting Radical Reconstruction plans. pF{:RTV State conventions, elected by universal male suffrage, were to draw up new constitutions, which had to give blacks the right to vote and had to be approved by Congress. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? The great political battles of the era were full of interesting reflections and assertions about the nature and purpose of America and American government. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` endstream endobj 419 0 obj <>stream You have not finished your quiz. they wre industrialists and bankers. Why of why not? . The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. HUj@}WDn! D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina, Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, Excerpt from the testimony of Henry Blake, 1937. Lincoln vetoed this bill, setting the stage for a compromise on the issue of Reconstruction. Sharecropping practices kept many African Americans in working conditions that werent a significant improvement over slavery. While it could be used in a derogatory way, it did notin every casesuggest racist attitudes or carry the stigma that it does today. With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. The historian (i.e., the teacher) will preside over the presentations and discussions and help the class distill the information gathered so that the class, together, can compose a two-page brief for the historian summarizing the impact of the Reconstruction debate over voting rights on the politics of the nation in 1877. HUO0~_qo'N$bMLBB#%mSIn;6wNO'Hb Why was the Battle of Midway a turning point in the war in the Pacific? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? Any items you have not completed will be marked incorrect. Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. What problems were faced by the freed slaves? HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? Women still could not vote. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? Lincoln: The states should be reintegrated into the Union when ten percent Students will be organized into five small groups, each of which will be assigned a document and a set of worksheet questions. endstream endobj 117 0 obj <>stream How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. But charges of corruption were not limited to Grants administration. The new legislation was passed in July over Johnson's veto. The end of the war brought with it much devastation and, of course, those who knew how to turn devastation into opportunity. They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. They gave land to the railroads. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. hb```c``e`f`xb,@($yQAI &l&a81r``Hs20A4 dUf ` Finally, each state legislature had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. If loading fails, click here to try again. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. Take sample from your personal experience. Force Acts, KKK Act, gave president authority to call in federal troops if needed, but it happened only once. a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. Which class in the New South had recovered political power from the carpetbaggers? Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Are you sure you want to remove #bookConfirmation# Finally, History Matters offers helpful pages on "Making Sense of Maps.". Essentially repudiating the 1857 Dred Scott decision, the amendment clearly states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. It provides for due process and equal protection under the law. Who did it benefit? and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream The impeachment of Johnson. He antagonized the northern voters. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Discuss how these policies may have affected attitudes in Yes, two from Mississippi. African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. Enough Republican senators appreciated the fact that Johnson's offenses were political and that they did not fall under the high crimes and misdemeanors specified in the Constitution for presidential impeachment. Please visit using a browser with javascript enabled. This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. To reinstate slavery in parts of the United States, To fix damage done to buildings during the war, To rebuild the southern economy and society. Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. 5. endstream endobj startxref Powerful families regularly disagree on who should gain control over which resources. What were the problems faced by the south after the Civil War? Johnson appointed provisional governors and authorized them to set up state conventions, which in turn were charged with declaring secession illegal; repudiating Confederate debts; ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery in the United States; and scheduling elections. answer choices True False Question 19 30 seconds Q. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. Did it accomplish anything? Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 Senators? Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? Federal troops were removed from the Southern states and the Democratic majority was entrusted to protect and enforce the rights of African Americans. Which group was still not aloud to vote? Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. Group A: Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis from Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States From Interviews with Former Slaves, North Carolina Narratives, 1937, Group B: Excerpt from Rev. WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? Alexander Stephens. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. Question 11 30 seconds Q. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Which of the following describes the African American experience in the Reconstruction-Era South? Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. Who had been his early political supporters? The Jim Crow era replaced Reconstruction and ushered in a new era of racial segregation, violence, and murder well into the twentieth century. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. For this activity, the students will use the interactive maps [temporarily located at http://civclients.com/nehint/recon/] as well as the documents specified below that can be found in the Text Document for Activity 1. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit.