Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. These countries, therefore, represent two distinct, but key goals of New World exploration that became the basic pattern for the history of the Atlantic World. While disease killed populations. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The spread of Christianity to native populations. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. succeed. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The Spanish conquistadors also had horses, which people in the Americas had never seen before. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. In the 15th century the Portuguese started exploring new lands. In this context, evaluating mercury contamination in coastal sediments and mercury magnification in marine food webs is crucial for . The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal took the principal role during most of the fifteenth century in searching for a route to Asia by sailing south around Africa. Portuguese spice trading also made goods available to the rest of Europe on a larger scale and enriched Portugal herself. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. A desire for Asian spices and other Asian goods: European maritime expansion began with the goal of establishing new trade routes to African and Asian markets to buy ivory, pepper, cotton, and Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. Islamic states had dominated. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Pizarro began his work by capturing the Incan king and holding him for ransom, the astronomical amount of which flooded the Spanish coiffures and made empire-building more lucrative than it had ever been. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. They also found a sea route to India. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. They have no iron, nor steel, nor weapons, nor are they fit for them, because although they are well-made men of commanding stature, they appear extraordinarily timid. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. People were curious, interested, and eager for fresh experiences and observations. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era They also looked west, settling in Brazil. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. | 22 Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. He understood why the exploration and hunt of the surrounding was done by the Domain . Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Source for information on Spanish Exploration and Colonization: Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery . The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. In 1493, Columbus sent two copies of a probanza de mrito to the Spanish king and queen and their minister of finance, Luis de Santngel. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. Explorer Bartholomeu Dias made his way around Africa, and Vasco de Gama finally made it to India. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. The Spanish then murdered hundreds of high-ranking Mexica during a festival to celebrate Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. 5 Pages. explored ante empire in Mexico. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? This button displays the currently selected search type. The Spanish and Portuguese developed a particular type of ship to trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. 1531 The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Francisco Pizarro subdued the Incas of Peru in 1533. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents.